Kumarhane keyfini yaşamak bettilt isteyenler için kategorisi oldukça ilgi çekici.

Spor tutkunları canlı karşılaşmalara bettilt üzerinden yatırım yapıyor.

Bahis kullanıcılarının %46’sı canlı casino deneyimini gerçek bir mekanda oynamaya alternatif olarak görmektedir; bu nedenle pinco giriş etkileşimli ortamlar sağlar.

Promosyon dünyasında en çok tercih edilen bettilt giriş seçenekleri yatırımları artırıyor.

Her zaman şeffaf politikalarıyla bilinen bahsegel güvenilir bir bahis ortamı sağlar.

2026’te yeni tasarımıyla dikkat çekecek olan bahsegel şimdiden konuşuluyor.

Bahis keyfini sorunsuz yaşamak isteyenlerin tercihi bahsegel olmalı.

Kazandıran kombinasyon önerileriyle kullanıcılarına destek olan pinco profesyonel bir sitedir.

Canlı rulet oyunlarında topun her dönüşü gerçek zamanlı gerçekleşir; bu adillik bettilt giriş tarafından garanti edilir.

Her oyuncu güvenle giriş bahsegel yapmak için linkini kullanıyor.

Evaluation of pediatric drugs on the surface roughness of primary enamel and restorative materials: an in vitro study

Title (English)

Evaluation of pediatric drugs on the surface roughness of primary enamel and restorative materials: an in vitro study

Thong tin bai bao / Article info

  • Tac gia / Authors: Manar Khalifa, Salwa M. Awad, Mostafa A. AbdelShafi
  • Tap chi / Journal: BMC Oral Health
  • Ngay xuat ban / Published: 2026-06-30
  • DOI: 10.1186/s12903-026-09009-8
  • Nguon / Source: OpenAlex

Abstract (English)

Abstract Background Pediatric liquid medications may adversely affect the surface properties of dental tissues and restorative materials. This study assessed the effect of amoxicillin and azithromycin suspensions on the surface roughness of primary enamel, Cention N, and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI). Methods A total of 90 specimens were included in this study: 30 primary enamel specimens, 30 Cention N specimens, and 30 RMGI specimens. Each substrate group was further subdivided into three subgroups ( n = 10) according to the immersion medium: amoxicillin suspension, azithromycin suspension, or artificial saliva. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a contact profilometer at baseline and after completion of three consecutive 7-day immersion cycles separated by 2-day intervals. The cumulative exposure times were 126 min for amoxicillin and 42 min for azithromycin. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, and statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and two-way ANOVA, with the level of significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results Both amoxicillin and azithromycin suspensions significantly increased surface roughness compared with artificial saliva ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively), with no significant difference between the two antibiotics ( p = 0.999). In all material groups, both suspensions significantly increased surface roughness, whereas artificial saliva caused no significant change. Primary enamel showed a significantly lower increase in surface roughness than both Cention N and RMGI. Conclusions Both amoxicillin and azithromycin pediatric suspensions increased the surface roughness of primary enamel, Cention N, and RMGI under the conditions of this in vitro study. Although azithromycin showed an alkaline pH, the comparable roughening effects of the two antibiotics suggest that surface changes may be influenced by multiple factors, including formulation characteristics and cumulative exposure time.

Doc bai day du / Read full article


Bai dang tu dong boi plugin Ortho OA Fetcher. Anh (neu co) tu PubMed Central. Noi dung lay tu nguon open access va dich tu dong – chi mang tinh tham khao.

Facebook Comments

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

2