Biomechanical impact of beveling design on extrusion of a maxillary canine and a maxillary first molar: an in vitro and finite element analysis study

Title (English)

Biomechanical impact of beveling design on extrusion of a maxillary canine and a maxillary first molar: an in vitro and finite element analysis study

Thong tin bai bao / Article info

• Tac gia / Authors: Flavio Traversa, Pascal Vollenweider, Damiano Salvatori, Eren Korunmuş
• Tap chi / Journal: The Angle Orthodontist
• Ngay xuat ban / Published: 2026-06-18
• DOI: 10.2319/100525-832.1
• Nguon / Source: OpenAlex

Abstract (English)

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate the effect of beveling side (apical vs occlusal) on the extrusive biomechanics of clear aligners compared to unbeveled attachments when tracking issues occur. Materials and Methods An in vitro Orthodontic Force Simulator (OFS) was used to simulate extrusion of a maxillary canine and first molar. Three attachment designs (beveled apical, beveled occlusal, and conventional rectangular) were digitally designed on the target teeth and directly milled in zirconia material. Aligners were thermoformed for each design and target tooth. The tooth-aligner mismatch was created on the target tooth up to 1.0 mm to simulate the tracking issue. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted to simulate the OFS experiment and analyze stress distribution and deformation. Results The attachment designs yielded significant differences in extrusion forces and bucco-palatal moments on both teeth. Beveled apical attachments consistently produced the lowest forces and moments, especially as displacement increased. This was attributed to a sliding motion of the aligner along the tooth movement path, mitigating the negative effects of tracking errors. Rectangular and beveled occlusal attachments, while offering strong initial engagement, resulted in higher stress concentrations and variability in force delivery as the simulated aligner-tooth mismatch grew. Conclusions The beveled apical design provides more predictable and consistent extrusion forces, reducing unwanted side effects, particularly for large movements and high risk of tracking issues.

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Bai dang tu dong boi plugin Ortho OA Fetcher. Anh (neu co) tu PubMed Central. Noi dung lay tu nguon open access va dich tu dong – chi mang tinh tham khao.